HRM and Design of Work - Week 5

                                                   
                                                     HRM and Design Of work

Work Design

Whenever you go to work, you have a number of tasks, activities, and responsibilities that you need to carry out, usually in collaboration with others. Work design is basically how these tasks, activities, responsibilities, and interactions with other people are organized and structured. Good work design is crucial, as it affects both individual employees and organizational outcomes. For employees, work design can affect their motivation, their well-being, and their development. Increased employee motivation, well-being, and accelerated development can, in turn, improve organizational outcomes such as safety, performance, and innovation.

Taylorism

Management is a set of activities and behavior in which a superior entity plans, organizes, directs, leads and controls16 available subordinate entities and other resources to achieve goals ensuring maximum efficiency and gain, through optimal usage of resources 23,27. There has always been a trend towards finding the right approach in defining management. And with the changing nature of business and technology at the modern era to guide and execute a task, management has become an important stream of study, whether defined as exploitation science, engineering techniques, or behavioral theory (Nasir Uddin and Fariha Hossain, 2015 ).

Maslow theory

The Maslow's hierarchy of needs is one of the best-known theories of motivation. According to humanist psychologist Abraham Maslow, our actions are motivated in order to achieve certain needs. Maslow first introduced his concept of a hierarchy of needs in his 1943 paper "A Theory of Human Motivation" and his subsequent book Motivation and Personality.

This hierarchy suggests that people are motivated to fulfill basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs. While some of the existing schools of thought at the time (such as psychoanalysis and behaviorism) tended to focus on problematic behaviors, Maslow was much more interested in learning about what makes people happy and the things that they do to achieve that aim. As a humanist, Maslow believed that people have an inborn desire to be self-actualized, that is, to be all they can be. In order to achieve these ultimate goals, however, a number of more basic needs must be met such as the need for food, safety, love, and self-esteem. There are five different levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Let's take a closer look at Maslow’s needs starting at the lowest level, which is known as physiological needs. 

 New forms of Employee Sharing

•Employee sharing, where an individual worker is jointly hired by a group of employers.

•Interim management, in which highly skilled experts are hired temporarily for a specific project or to solve a specific problem

•Casual work, where an employer is not obliged to provide work regularly to the employee but has the flexibility of calling them on demand.

•Voucher-based work where the employment relationship is based on payment for services with a voucher purchased from an authorized organization that covers both pay and social security contributions.

•Portfolio work where a self-employed individual works for a large number of clients (Henderson, 2017).

Reference

Uddin. N, Hossain. F 2016, ScienceDirect, Evolution of Modern Management through Taylorism, volume 62, Pages 578-584,  May 02 2018, <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877050915026721>

the University of Western Australia, 2016,  work Design, May 02 2018, <https://www.centreforsafety.com.au/sites/default/files/Work%20Design%20paper%20v5.pdf>

Ann, C 2012, slideshare.com, Design of work systems, May 02 2018, <https://www.centreforsafety.com.au/sites/default/files/Work%20Design%20paper%20v5.pdf>